DKK3 and acute kidney injury: The DKK3/creatinine ratio showed significantly higher concentrations in individuals with CI-AKI (4.3 pg/mg [IQR 0.7–494.2]) compared to those without CI-AKI (1.6 pg/mg [IQR 0.8–132.2]; p = 0.001), yielding an AUC of 0.55 (95% CI 0.39–0.72; Table 2).