TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Excessive production and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin- (IL-) 2, IL-6, IL-7, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), CXCL10, and CCL3) result in the severe cytokine storm, followed by the massive influx of circulating granulocytes and monocytes in the inflamed lungs, which subsequently leads to the development of lung edema, dysfunction of the air exchange, and ARDS [4–6].