ERN1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In accordance with these results, in this NAFLD model, serum concentrates and protein expressions of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, Il-1β, and Il-18 were elevated by HFD, along with phosphorylation activation of Ire1a and increased mRNA and protein expression of Xbp1s. PS-ALA prevented those responses, which indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of PS-ALA may link to inhibiting Ire1a/Xbp1s pathway and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation.