INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: As shown in Fig. 3 and Additional file 1: Figure S2, the top 30 pathways were involved in environmental information processing (e.g., signaling pathways of PI3K-Akt, MAPK and Ras, etc.), genetic information processing (e.g., protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum), human diseases (e.g., insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), metabolism (e.g., metabolic pathways), and organismal systems (e.g., signaling pathways of insulin, chemokine, platelet activation and T cell receptor).