Abnormal expression of PD-L1 and/or PD-L1/PD-1 signaling have been observed in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) [8,9,10,11,12,13], Helicobacter pylori chronic infection [14,15] celiac disease [16], and GI cancers [17,18,19,20]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.