The study of Lewis et al. showed some new targets of autoantibodies in SLE, including autoantigens connected with Smad2, Smad5 and other proteins linked to TGFβ signaling, MyD88 and proteins involved in TLR signaling, apoptosis and NF-κB signaling and T cell development [119]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.