TNF and persistent truncus arteriosus: Interestingly, TAC induced TNF-α transcription (Fig 2B), tmTNF-α expression in myocardial tissues and cardiomyocytes, as detected by western blotting (Fig 2C) and indirect immunofluorescence (Fig 2D, S2C Fig), and sTNF-α secretion in heart homogenates and serum (Fig 2E and 2F).