To explore the signaling pathways mediated by tmTNF-α in pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy, we examined activation of the NF-κB and AKT pathways in myocardial tissues from TNFR-KO mice in vivo or in cardiomyocytes in vitro by western blotting. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cardiac hypertrophy.