IL18 and diabetes mellitus: Birnbaum et al. reported that saxagliptin-mediated DPP4 inhibition could attenuate diabetes mellitus (DM) -induced activation of nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory bodies, thus reducing serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-6 levels [127].