Increased expression of ACSL4 is associated with the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI).94 Ferrostatins (e.g., ferrostatin-1, SRS11-92 and SRS16-86) protect AKI induced by rhabdomyolysis, hydroxyquinoline, ferrous ammonium sulfate, nephrotoxic folic acid, I/R and oxalate, thus reducing cytokine production (e.g., IL33, TNF and MCP1) in mice. Here, TNF is linked to acute kidney injury.