Alcohol-induced sensitization of liver macrophages to portal LPS is considered a key mechanism of steatosis, injury/inflammation, and fibrogenesis in ALD.76 In general, both resident (KCs) and infiltrating macrophages exhibit strong plasticity, regulating signals within their immune microenvironment in the liver.77 KCs play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response accompanying the progression of ALD.78 Hepatic macrophage populations are increased in ALD, and macrophages derived from infiltrating monocytes are thought to contribute to this expansion. The gene discussed is TBCE; the disease is steatosis.