Together, this implies that CD40L-CAR T cells affect the intratumoral cDC1/cDC2 ratio by stimulating CD11b−CD103− DN cell proliferation, upregulation of the cDC1-skewing IRF8 transcription factor, and, consequently, differentiation of DN cDCs to cDC1s in the tumor tissue. Here, MPPE1 is linked to neoplasm.