The increased level of mtDNA damage and leakage to the cytosol induce obesity-induced inflammation47 and cancer metastasis.48 We show that the Lon-mtDNA release induces IFN signaling and further induces the expression of PD-L1 and IDO-1 on oxidative stress. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.