CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In addition, PD-L1 ICIs such as atezolizumab (2016), avelumab (2017), and durvalumab (2017) were approved by the FDA based on clinical trials POPLAR and OAK (both for non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC), Study 1108 (refractory urothelial carcinoma), and JAVELIN (metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma).