Among the three HF groups, all had similar serum creatinine and concomitant disease, however those with HFpEF were slightly older with a larger proportion of females, slightly higher body mass index, and lower rate of beta blocker use (all ps < 0.05) and those with HFrEF had higher level of serum NT-proBNP with lower systolic blood pressure (both ps < 0.05) (Table 1). Here, NPPB is linked to hydrops fetalis.