NARS1 and cancer: This is particularly clear in certain types of cancers, such as ESCA, STAD, HNSC, PAAD, READ, COAD, LUAD, LUSC, OV, BLCA, PRAD, and TGCT for NARS1, and PCPG, SARC, READ, COAD, LUSC, LUAD, and HNSC for SARS1. NARS1 and SARS1 also stand out as having the most distinct DNA profiles from that of their mitochondrial counterparts (NARS2 and SARS2), which feature predominant cancer-associated gene amplifications (Figure 1e,f).