TSPO and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Extensive research has been done on the influence of cholesterol on the mechanism of membrane structures [55], the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) binding in the brain [56], etc. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with the lowest survival rate (five-year survival of only 8%) among the cancers reported by the American Cancer Society [57].