VEGFD and cancer: For the ES-2 cells treated with HATMSC2-MVs, among cancer-promoting cytokines and trophic factors, a decrease was observed for angiogenesis-related cytokines, such as growth related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) (by 53%), angiopoietin 2 (by 10%), VEGF (by 44%), and VEGFD (by 8%), and for the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (by 15%), IL-8 (by 36%), MIP-1α (by 7%), and MIP-1β (by 8%).