TGFB1 and myeloid sarcoma: In fact, it has been demonstrated that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and IL-1β drive EndoMT in a human brain endothelial cell line and, in addition, vascular alterations associated with EndoMT in MS brain lesions have been observed, suggesting that EndoMT might underlie BBB dysfunction during MS pathophysiology [105].