IGFBP7 and varicocele: Seminal fluid proteomic analysis has shown that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IBP-7) and Ig gamma-3 chain C region (HDC) are increased in adolescents with varicocele and normal sperm parameters, whereas the cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) is highly overexpressed in adolescents with varicocele and abnormal sperm parameters (Del Giudice et al., 2016) [32].