Recently, a study aimed to analyze the differential expression pattern between unilateral and bilateral varicoceles has shown that the lower expression of fibronectin (FN1) and suppressor of morphogenesis in the genitalia 1 (SMG1) in patients with bilateral varicocele may be regarded as possible biomarkers to differentiate unilateral from bilateral varicoceles [39].Furthermore, in this study, the main proteins, markers of the damage caused by OS in patients with bilateral varicocele, are aldose reductase, annexin 1, and peroxiredoxin 2. This evidence concerns the gene AKR1B1 and varicocele.