Inflammation was more developed in healthy smokers when compared to healthy non-smokers, and even more in COPD patients which was assessed by two network analyses–one including only cytokines, and the other conducting IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα as well as additional inflammation-associated parameters CRP, Fbg, eATP and eHsp70. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.