In terms of targeting interleukin, increased expression of IL-4 is thought to be associated with IPF, and dupilumab was also effective in asthma exacerbations, implying that inhibition of IL-4 may alleviate lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 by attenuating inflammation [92, 93]. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.