Notably, the sex-dependent eQTLs identified here include cis-acting eQTLs for several sex-specific genes implicated in NAFLD, such as Cyp7b1, a male-specific P450 that inactivates estrogenic and hepatotoxic sterols and is a key driver of NAFLD [86–91], Gstp1, a male-biased oxidative stress-protective glutathione transferase with high risk allelic variants for NAFLD in humans [92–94], and Nox4, a male-biased NADPH oxidase that increases hepatocyte oxidative stress, apoptosis and liver fibrosis [95–97]. This evidence concerns the gene GSTP1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.