<h4>Objectives</h4>The present study was designed to explore the roles of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the diagnosis and treatment of neonate bilirubin encephalopathy (BE).<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 128 BE neonates and 128 normal neonates were included. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is bilirubin encephalopathy.