As trehalose-mediated TFEB activation usefully inhibits atherogenic lipid accumulation by enhancing lysosomal autophagy (114, 115), it is possible that TFEB-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism is associated with the trehalose-induced antimicrobial activities in macrophages against Mtb (either alone or during co-infection with HIV). This evidence concerns the gene TFEB and coinfection.