- Associated with alcoholic cirrhosis, ALD, acute liver failure, NAFLD, HBV- and HCV-fibrosis and HCC (24, 244–251),- Induces reduction of IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β and toxic iNOS by macrophages in liver injury (252)- Correlates with severity of liver fibrosis (241)- Activates HSCs (253) and correlates with TGF-β1 expression in CLD (248, 254). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1.