PTEN and PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Mutations in PTEN are often associated with syndromic cancers [together called PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes (PHTS)], however PTEN is also implicated in autism as a syndromic autism gene, as mutations in PTEN cause Cowden syndrome and some individuals with this syndrome develop autism (Rademacher and Eickholt, 2019).