TLR9- and TLR7-mediated TNF production was also significantly decreased in pDCs from patients with SLE and pSS compared to healthy controls (Fig. 2b), whilst pDCs from At-Risk individuals showed the same trend as for IFN-α production, partially maintaining some TLR7-mediated TNF production (Fig. 2e, f). Here, TNF is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.