To evaluate the capacity of cytokine production by pDCs, we stimulated freshly isolated PBMCs from At-Risk individuals (n = 26), patients with established SLE (n = 40) and pSS (n = 7) alongside healthy controls (n = 14) for 6 h with TLR9 (ODN 2216) or TLR7 (ORN R-2336) agonists. This evidence concerns the gene TLR9 and systemic lupus erythematosus.