By contrast, clinical demand for apolipoprotein B (apoB) testing is much lower despite a consensus that this immunoassay measure of total atherogenic lipoprotein particle number is more directly related to ASCVD risk than LDL-C or non-HDL-C and would provide a better guide to LDL-lowering therapeutic decision-making, particularly in patients with metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes [3, 4]. Here, APOB is linked to atherosclerosis.