Elevated levels of IL-6 in the cord blood [3, 28], elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in amniotic fluid [4, 29], and elevated levels of all interferons and IL-1 and IL-6, among other cytokines, in neonatal blood have all been associated with increased incidence of PVL and CP in premature infants [19, 30, 31]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is periventricular leukomalacia.