The mechanism of RNA-mediated toxicity implicated in C9ORF72 FTD/ALS and SCA36 is not triggered only by transcription of expanded hexanucleotide repeats in C9ORF72 and NOP56 gene expression context, but also by antisense transcripts [13,14,96,97]. This evidence concerns the gene NOP56 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.