CNRIP1 and schizophrenia: Moreover, overexpression of CRIP1a by lentiviral-cDNA vector injection into the ventral hippocampus of male Sprague-Dawley rats elicited the neurological and behavioral changes consistent with the MAM model of schizophrenia: increased spontaneous activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons, impaired latent inhibition, and social avoidance [87].