They can reduce the activity of cancer inductors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), survivin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), cell surface glycoprotein (CD44), chemokine receptor (CXCR4), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) [111]. Here, SKP2 is linked to cancer.