The mechanisms to suppress cancer progression can include reductions in the activity and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and inhibition of the signaling route of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here, MTOR is linked to cancer.