Surveillance for those identified as high-risk (or in some cases moderate-to-high-risk) for ovarian cancer currently consists of serial 3–4 monthly serum CA125 (Cancer Antigen 125 protein; a tumour marker) measurement (and annual transvaginal ultrasound) aiming to detect pre-symptomatic cancer in the earlier stages and/or low volume disease where treatment is more effective [31]. This evidence concerns the gene MUC16 and ovarian carcinoma.