TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Palmitate has been postulated to induce an inflammatory response mediating classical activation of macrophages in obesity by directly engaging toll-like receptors (TLR) and inducing Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-dependent production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 and by generation of ROS [13,14].