INS and Insulin resistance: Concerning the effects of chickpea consumption on postprandial insulin responses, the consumption of 200 g of chickpeas in 19 healthy adults led to reductions in 2-h postprandial insulin concentrations, improvements in insulin resistance, and improvements in β-cell function as evidenced by the reductions in homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) (both, p < 0.05) compared to carbohydrate-matched white or wheat bread [24].