Preconditioning exercise activates astrocytes and improves angiogenesis in the penumbra areas following brain ischemia [141] exerting regulation of multiple factors significant for neurovascular integrity—i.e., endotelin-1, VEGF, IGF-1 and midkine (MK) a heparin-binding growth factor promoting angiogenesis [141,142,143,144,145,146]. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and brain ischemia.