Moreover, postoperative lipid accumulation due to scavenger receptor expression by NK cells is associated with increased postoperative metastases.12 Mouse models have revealed that surgical stress enhances the MDSC numbers while suppressing the number of tumor-associated, antigen-specific, CD8+ T cells that produce IFN-γ.36 Therefore, both G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs are essential in the establishment of premetastatic microenvironments after primary tumor resection. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and neoplasm.