LOX and neoplasm: ECM remodeling is mediated by lysyl oxidase (LOX), a copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyzes an important enzymatic step in collagen crosslinking.96 In the premetastatic niche, LOX-mediated collagen IV crosslinking in the basement membrane is essential for MDSCs recruitment.97 In response to surgery, elevated LOX plasma levels promote lung ECM remodeling, raising the risk of tumor cell seeding during the immediate post-operative period.