CXCR2 and neoplasm: They also induce MDSCs development in the bone marrow and maintenance of their immunosuppressive activity.92 In colon cancer, surgical trauma promotes tumor progression by downregulating CXCL4 while promoting MDSC recruitment.93 IL-8, a proinflammatory cytokine, and main CXCR2 ligand, is elevated within hours after surgery.