CD4 and cancer: These included stratifying the meta-analysis into reports of cells/unit area and reports of cells/HPF; restricting the analysis to explicitly measured data for CD3, CD4, CD8, and the CD4:CD8 ratio rather than including imputed values for these markers; excluding all not-explicitly squamous cancers; including all cancers including adenocarcinomas; and excluding reports included cancer- or lesion-adjacent tissue from the normal tissue analysis.