In scRNA-seq data, aggregating cell-level counts into sample-level “pseudobulk” counts for differential expression is not new; pseudobulk analysis has been applied to discover cell-type-specific responses of lupus patients to IFN-β stimulation20 and in mitigating plate effects by summing read counts in each plate21. The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.