By 4 DPI, the majority of K18 hACE2 transgenic mice had 25% or greater lung involvement indicative of pneumonia (Fig. 5g), with affected areas presenting with inflammatory cellular accumulations and hemorrhage in alveolar spaces (Fig. 5h, asterisk) and interstitium (Fig. 5h, bracket), intra-alveolar fibrin admixed cellular debris (Fig. 5h, arrow), vasculitis (Fig. 5h, bracket), edema (Fig. 5h, arrowhead), and neutrophilic rhinitis (Fig. 5o, bracket). Here, KRT18 is linked to vasculitis.