A 25-Gene Panel consisting of HIF1A, FGFR1, BIRC5, AMACR, CRISP3, FN1, HPN, MYO6, PSCA, PMP22, GOLM1, LMTK2, EZH2, GSTP1, PCA3, VEGFA, CST3, PTEN, PIP5K1A, CDK1, TMPRSS2, ANXA3, CCNA1, CCND1, and KLK3 was discovered to have the highest diagnostic accuracy to distinguish cancer lesions from benign prostate (Additional file 2: Table S3). Here, HPN is linked to cancer.