NFKB1 and cancer: It has also been shown that HGF activates the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/Akt) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signalling to promote HPSE in cancer cells, resulting in a poor clinical prognosis in gastric tumours [31].