TNF and diabetic retinopathy: It has been reported that high uric acid can promote the expressions of adhesion molecules and inflammation mediators (including ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-a) of the human retinal endothelial cells under high glucose, and increase the activity of Notch signaling pathway, suggesting high uric acid may promote the diabetic retinopathy by activating Notch signaling pathway [25].