GDF2 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Additionally, gene panel sequencing of 263 PAH patients (180 IPAH, 11 FPAH, 13 drug and toxin-induced PAH and 59 sporadic PVOD) revealed two (1.2%) BMP9 mutations in adult PAH cases [114]; due to the close similarity of BMP9 and BMP10 (a close paralogue of BMP9 that encodes an activating ligand for ACVRL1), the BMP10 gene was also included in the capture design.