IRF1 and melanoma: IFN-γ then interacts with the IFN- γ receptor on melanoma cells, which activates the downstream signal cascade of the JAK/STAT/IRF1 axis, stimulates the transcription factors, IRF1 and MYC, to bind to the PD-L1 promoter, and PD-L2 requires the participation of transcription factors STAT3 and IRF1 [196,197,198].