Among a total of 194 MDS cases receiving upfront therapy with decitabine 20 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days every 4–6 weeks, NPM1-mutated MDS patients achieved a relatively higher CR rate (6 of 12 cases, 50%), compared to cases with NPM1 wild-type (53 of 182 cases, 29.1%). The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.