The NPM1 gene translocations to different partner genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of several hematopoietic malignancies, including CD30-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with t(2;5), the infrequent myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) with t(3;5) and extremely rare cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(5;17), resulting in the generation of NPM1–ALK, NPM1–MLF1 and NPM1–RARA fusion transcripts, respectively [2,3]. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and acute myeloid leukemia.