Although relevant to investigate distinct preleukemic Npm1-mutated populations, it should be noted that these multistep leukemogenesis mouse models are hardly reproducible in humans, where NPM1 mutations are not associated with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and are overall infrequently documented in MDS or MDS/MPN cases, as reported above and summarized in Table 1 and Table 4, while almost invariably correlated to an AML diagnosis [114,115]. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.