Interestingly, the NCCN guidelines for MDS recently allowed the classification of patients having 20% to 29% BM blasts as MDS-EB in transformation (MDS-EB-T) rather than AML, a definition carried over from the former FAB classification, but the authors also observed that individuals carrying NPM1 and/or FLT3 mutations are more likely to have AML than MDS [89]. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.