NPM1 and myelodysplastic syndrome: However, it should be noted that, though less frequently compared to de novo AML, NPM1 mutations have also been observed in sAML, progressing from either MDS or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), with a variable incidence around 10–15% and ranging from 4.5% to 27% of the cases [26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44].