Sethi et al. reported that when the gut microbiome is depleted by oral antibiotics it is able to increase the number of Th1 (IFN-γ+CD4+CD3+) and Tc1 (IFN-γ+CD8+CD3+) cells in the TME, increase the number of anti-tumor IFN-γ-secreting T cells (IFN-γ+CD3+), and decrease the number of pro-tumor IL17a (IL17a+CD3+) and IL10 (IL10+CD4+CD3+) secreting cells, which results in a reduced pancreatic tumor burden in mice [26]. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.