Activation of the AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, upregulation of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family, and alterations involving the MDM2/TP53 tumor suppressor pathway have been identified in patients with AML relapse in association with stroma-mediated survival advantage for AML cells [38,39,40]. This evidence concerns the gene MDM2 and acute myeloid leukemia.