RAF1 and acute myeloid leukemia: In this study, we show that pan-RAF inhibition using LY3009120 induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human AML cells, inhibits MAPK pathway and AKT/mTOR pathway activation, overcomes bone marrow stromal cell-mediated drug resistance to Ara-C, and synergizes with sorafenib to increase apoptosis in AML cells carrying FLT3 mutations.