Since fingolimod was shown previously to affect microglia signaling in mouse models of AD [24], we used anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohiostological stainings to investigate microglia proliferation/growth, and the extent of microglia activation in brain slices from APP/PS1 and WT littermate mice (Figure 4). This evidence concerns the gene PSEN1 and Alzheimer disease.