CXCL8 and Hyperglycemia: Since TGF beta signaling was shown to be activated by hyperglycemia [39] and to be involved in the increase expression of cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, MCP-1, Il-8, and also ECM proteins and proteases including MMPs, we may presume that this pathway might also be involved in the cytokines and ECM remodeling molecules, revealed to be upregulated in this study.